The floods in the upper Verde River have had a dual impact on the fish community. While native species have benefited from the removal of nonnative competitors and enhanced reproduction, the overall fish population has experienced fluctuations. For instance, the abundance of fish was high in spring 1994, dropped significantly in spring 1995, and returned to moderate levels in spring 1996. The 1995 flood also likely eliminated the fathead minnow, a nonnative species. These findings underscore the complex and unpredictable nature of flood impacts on aquatic ecosystems. (Source time: not specified)