The growing militarisation and resource competition in the Bay of Bengal pose significant risks to regional stability. Coastal populations dependent on marine resources face economic and livelihood threats due to overfishing and environmental degradation. Climate-induced changes, such as stronger cyclones and rising sea levels, increase the vulnerability of these communities. Furthermore, the risk of diplomatic or military standoffs is heightened as nations enforce fishing and exploration rights in disputed waters. Non-traditional security threats, including piracy and human trafficking, further complicate the situation, drawing armed responses that could escalate tensions.