The potential failure of aging dams in California poses significant risks to public safety and infrastructure. The 40 most hazardous dams are located near major urban centers, increasing the threat to densely populated areas. If these dams were to fail, the resulting flooding could endanger 1.5 million lives and cause economic losses exceeding $265 billion. The risks are exacerbated by the anticipated heavy rains of the upcoming El Niño winter, which could further strain these vulnerable structures. The lack of enforcement actions against non-compliant dam owners adds to the urgency of addressing these risks.