The impacts of extreme heat and air pollution are already evident in Delhi, manifesting as increased illness, reduced productivity, and premature deaths. Vulnerable populations, particularly in less affluent areas, face heightened risks due to limited access to resources like cooling systems and healthcare. Greenstone's research indicates that 95% of the damage from additional greenhouse gas emissions will occur outside OECD countries, with India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and sub-Saharan Africa being the most affected. The health and economic costs of these climate challenges are significant, with air pollution contributing to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, further exacerbating public health issues.