The elevated pollution levels pose significant health risks, particularly to vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. The high concentration of PM2.5 particles can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing breathing difficulties, heart problems, and other health issues. In Lahore, the toxic smog has led to reduced visibility and hazardous living conditions. In Delhi and other northern Indian cities, the combination of firecracker emissions, stubble burning, and vehicle pollution has created a severe air quality crisis, affecting millions of residents.