The ongoing air pollution poses significant health risks, particularly to vulnerable groups such as children, older adults, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. Prolonged exposure to poor or very poor AQI levels can lead to respiratory illnesses, exacerbate asthma, and cause cardiometabolic issues. Fine particulate matter like PM2.5 can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, affecting multiple organs. The World Health Organization has highlighted the risks of pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and ground-level ozone, which can reduce lung function and cause respiratory infections.