The return of smog in Delhi poses significant health risks, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions. Prolonged exposure to high levels of air pollution can lead to severe respiratory and cardiovascular issues, and even reduce life expectancy by an average of 8.2 years for Delhi residents. Daily wage workers and economically disadvantaged groups are disproportionately affected, as they often lack access to air purifiers or the means to temporarily relocate to less polluted areas. The economic and social costs of inaction are substantial, with air pollution contributing to a significant portion of the country's mortality rate.