The UHI effect disproportionately impacts vulnerable populations in Indian cities, including children, the elderly, and low-income communities. Prolonged exposure to extreme heat increases risks of dehydration, heat strokes, and cardiovascular issues. Dense urban areas like Delhi and Mumbai face severe air pollution, with PM2.5 levels far exceeding WHO standards. The compounded effects of heatwaves, floods, and pollution amplify health crises, particularly in informal settlements lacking climate resilience. Without intervention, these challenges will worsen, leading to higher mortality rates and strained healthcare systems.