The October 2023 GLOF caused significant damage in Sikkim and downstream areas along the Teesta River in North Bengal. With 40 high-risk glacial lakes identified in Sikkim, including 16 classified as the highest risk, the potential for future disasters remains high. The court emphasised the need for immediate action to protect vulnerable populations and infrastructure. Three glacial lake clusters in North Sikkim—Shako Chho, North and South Lhonak lakes, and Gurudongmar Lake—pose the most significant threat, requiring urgent mitigation measures.