Residents and visitors near Kīlauea face risks from volcanic gases, tephra fall, and vog (volcanic air pollution), which can cause respiratory and skin irritation. Tephra particles may be remobilized by wind, increasing exposure risks. The crater rim remains hazardous due to instability, ground cracking, and rockfalls, which are exacerbated by earthquakes. These areas are closed to the public for safety. (Source: Hawaiian Volcano Observatory)