The primary hazards associated with Kilauea's activity include volcanic gas emissions, tephra fall, lava flows, and potential earthquakes. High levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions can create vog, which may cause respiratory and other health issues for those downwind of the vents. Tephra, including volcanic ash and glassy fragments, can cause skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Lava flows, while typically slow-moving, can destroy everything in their path. Additionally, ground cracks and landslides near the caldera rim pose risks to visitors and residents. The public is advised to remain cautious and adhere to safety guidelines.