The eruption poses localized hazards, including unstable crater walls, ground cracking, rockfalls, and landslides near the summit caldera, which has been closed to the public since 2007. Volcanic gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), may cause respiratory irritation, particularly for sensitive populations. Volcanic ash and Pele’s Hair can also lead to skin, eye, and respiratory issues. While ashfall is heaviest within 3 miles (5 km) of the vents, lighter particles may travel farther, potentially affecting nearby communities and visitors to Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park.