Communities near Kīlauea, particularly those downwind of the summit, face potential health risks from volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide and vog (volcanic air pollution). These emissions can cause respiratory issues and other health problems. Additionally, tephra, or volcanic fragments, may pose risks to skin, eyes, and respiratory systems. Visitors to Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park are advised to avoid closed areas due to hazards like unstable crater walls, ground cracking, and rockfalls. The irregular activity also complicates forecasting, leaving residents and officials on alert for sudden changes.