Consumers and small merchants will not face charges for UPI transactions, ensuring continued accessibility to digital payments. However, the introduction of a nominal MDR for high-value merchant transactions could impact businesses that fall under the specified threshold. The government emphasized that the amendment is an enabling provision to support the UPI ecosystem's growth and sustainability, which requires significant investments in cybersecurity, fraud prevention, and infrastructure. The move aims to balance the need for financial inclusion with the necessity of creating a self-sustaining revenue model for UPI.