The elevated levels of barium aerosols during firework events pose potential health risks, particularly due to the bioavailability of soluble barium compounds like BaCl2 and Ba(NO3)2. Inhalation of these compounds can lead to acute toxicity. Additionally, the fine particulate matter generated can travel long distances, contributing to air quality deterioration. The study emphasises the need for understanding the chemical transformations of barium aerosols to better predict their environmental and health impacts.