The reduced monsoon rainfall and ongoing El Niño conditions are straining India's groundwater resources, which are critical for agriculture and drinking water. Agriculture accounts for 87% of groundwater extraction, often in water-scarce regions, making conservation and replenishment vital. Over-extraction has led to 730 units being classified as over-exploited. Small and marginal farmers are particularly vulnerable due to limited resources and technical assistance. Without effective measures, groundwater depletion could threaten livelihoods and long-term water security.