The worsening urban air pollution poses significant health risks, particularly in northern and eastern Indian cities where coal plants are concentrated. Fine particle pollution (PM2.5) from coal-fired power plants has become the largest human-made source of urban air pollution, contributing to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Deaths tied to outdoor air pollution in cities rose by 30% between 2000 and 2020, with power plants accounting for the largest share of this increase. Sensitive populations, including children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions, are particularly vulnerable.