GLOFs pose significant risks to both upstream and downstream regions. Upstream, they can destroy critical infrastructure such as hydroelectric plants, bridges, and roads, as seen in the South Lhonak Lake incident. Downstream, the high-velocity floodwaters and debris flows can inundate densely populated areas, causing loss of life, property damage, and disruption to livelihoods. States like Assam and West Bengal are particularly vulnerable to downstream impacts, with floodwaters often crossing state and international boundaries. The increasing frequency of GLOFs highlights the urgent need for effective mitigation and preparedness measures.