The ongoing eruption poses several hazards, including high levels of volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), which can cause respiratory issues and contribute to vog (volcanic smog). Tephra, including volcanic ash and glassy fragments, may fall near the vents or be carried further by wind, posing risks of skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Lava flows, while currently confined to the Halemaʻumaʻu crater, could potentially extend beyond the summit area if intrusive activity shifts. Ground cracks, landslides, and earthquakes are also possible due to the high pressurization of the magma chamber.