The smoke is expected to degrade air quality across the Midwest, Great Lakes, and Northeast, posing health risks to vulnerable populations, including children, older adults, pregnant women, and individuals with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the smoke can penetrate deep into the lungs, increasing risks of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Public health officials have reported symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness in affected areas. Air quality alerts have been issued in multiple states, emphasizing the widespread impact of the smoke.