The combination of urban heat islands, global warming, and the intensifying El Niño event poses severe risks to tropical cities, including Mumbai. Vulnerable populations, particularly those in informal settlements, are at risk of heat-related illnesses such as dehydration, heatstroke, and cardiovascular issues. The lack of financial resources in many tropical cities limits their ability to implement effective cooling solutions, exacerbating the impact of extreme heat. This situation highlights the growing disparity between wealthy and poorer cities in addressing climate-related challenges.