The recent Nepal floods and the construction of China's Yarlung Tsangpo mega-dam highlight significant risks for communities in the Himalayan region and downstream countries like India and Bangladesh. The floods demonstrated how natural hazards such as glacier collapses, landslides, and river blockages can escalate into catastrophic events, endangering lives, infrastructure, and ecosystems. The mega-dam, located in one of the world's most geologically unstable regions, poses additional risks, including potential seismic activity, landslides, and changes in river flow patterns. These risks are compounded by climate change, which is accelerating glacier melt and increasing the frequency of extreme weather events. For India, the dam's proximity to the Brahmaputra River raises concerns about water security, hydrological data transparency, and strategic implications near the disputed border with China.