These hazards pose significant risks to communities living downstream of vulnerable mountain formations. Fast-moving debris flows can demolish infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and hydropower projects, and endanger lives. Pilgrimage routes, such as those for the Char Dham Yatra, are particularly vulnerable due to the large number of people traversing these areas. Climate change exacerbates these risks by destabilising permafrost and altering the physical stability of mountain slopes. Immediate action is required to mitigate the impact of these disasters.