The dense smog poses significant health risks to Delhi-NCR residents, particularly vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and individuals with respiratory conditions. Prolonged exposure to fine particulate matter like PM2.5 can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular issues. Reduced visibility due to smog also increases the risk of road accidents. The Indo-Gangetic Plain is particularly affected due to its geographical features, which limit air movement and exacerbate pollution during winter months.