Poor air quality in New York City poses health risks, particularly for older adults, children, and those with heart or lung conditions. Exposure to pollutants like fine particulate matter and ground-level ozone can lead to coughing, chest tightness, asthma exacerbation, reduced lung function, and even increased risks of heart attacks and strokes. High-poverty neighborhoods in NYC experience greater health impacts from pollutants such as fine particulate matter, black carbon, and sulfur dioxide. These risks highlight the importance of monitoring and mitigating air pollution to protect public health.