The study underscores the growing risk of compound hazards, where communities face simultaneous threats from floods and droughts. Vulnerable districts, particularly in eastern and northern India, are experiencing heightened susceptibility to these extremes, which can exacerbate socio-economic challenges. States like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal are identified as being at the higher end of vulnerability for both hazards, posing significant risks to agriculture, infrastructure, and livelihoods.