The intensified measures aim to mitigate the severe smog conditions that typically affect Punjab and neighbouring regions, including New Delhi, during the winter months. Smog, primarily caused by construction dust, industrial emissions, and brick kiln operations, poses significant health risks, including respiratory and cardiovascular issues. While the increased enforcement on construction and brick kilns is a positive step, the reduced focus on industrial and plastic pollution could limit the overall effectiveness of anti-smog efforts. Vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions, remain at heightened risk.