Punjab Faces Severe Groundwater Crisis Amid Over-Exploitation
Punjab Faces Severe Groundwater Crisis Amid Over-Exploitation
IN · Published Sep 24, 2026
• Punjab is grappling with a critical groundwater crisis, with 76% of its blocks classified as over-exploited due to water-intensive paddy cultivation and free electricity policies.
• Nationally, India's groundwater extraction rate stands at 60.63%, posing a significant threat to food security and necessitating urgent reforms in water management.

Impact & Risks

The depletion of groundwater is deepening rural inequality, particularly affecting small farmers who cannot afford deep borewells. Ecological collapse is accelerating, with saline intrusion in coastal areas and chemical contamination of water sources posing severe public health risks. Additionally, the agricultural sector, which relies heavily on groundwater for irrigation, faces significant challenges, threatening food security and economic stability. Urban areas are also at risk of land subsidence and increased flood vulnerabilities due to damaged infrastructure and reduced groundwater levels.

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