El Niño's impact on agriculture is profound, particularly for water-intensive crops like rice. Countries such as India, Vietnam, and Thailand, which dominate global rice production, face erratic rainfall and droughts, threatening up to 26% of global rice output. Sugarcane, coffee, cocoa, and palm oil are also vulnerable, with droughts and water shortages reducing yields. Conversely, some crops like soybeans, wheat, and maize may benefit in regions experiencing wetter conditions, such as parts of the United States and South America.