India has a multi-tiered regulatory system for transgenic crops under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Key agencies involved include the Department of Biotechnology's Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM), the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), and the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). While this framework ensures biosafety, rapid advancements in genome-editing technologies and global practices highlight the need for modernization to keep pace with innovation.