The southwest monsoon, which provides over 70% of India's annual rainfall, is historically weaker during El Niño years. This can lead to uneven and unpredictable rainfall, prolonged dry spells, or intense downpours. However, El Niño does not always result in drought conditions, as other factors like the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can influence outcomes. A positive IOD may counteract some of El Niño's effects, leading to more balanced rainfall.