Effective layering involves three main types of clothing: a base layer, an insulating layer, and an outer layer. The base layer should wick moisture away from your skin to keep you dry. Materials like wool or synthetic fabrics work best for this purpose. The insulating layer, such as fleece or down, traps heat to keep you warm. Finally, the outer layer should be waterproof and windproof to protect you from the elements. Together, these layers create a system that keeps you comfortable and safe.