During El Niño years, India often experiences below-average monsoon rainfall, particularly in the southwest monsoon season (June–September). This can lead to drought conditions, affecting agriculture and water availability. Additionally, the phenomenon can intensify heatwaves, as the atmosphere becomes hotter and drier. Coastal regions may also face marine heatwaves, which can impact marine ecosystems and fisheries. These effects are compounded by climate change, which amplifies the severity of El Niño's impacts.