The UHI effect poses risks to urban populations, particularly during heatwaves, as it exacerbates heat stress and increases energy consumption for cooling. Vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions, are especially at risk. Additionally, UHI contributes to higher greenhouse gas emissions and worsens air quality, further impacting public health and the environment. Cities must prioritize strategies to reduce UHI to safeguard their residents and ecosystems.