El Niño's effects are far-reaching, with potential risks including severe droughts in some regions and increased flooding in others. Agricultural sectors may face challenges due to altered rainfall patterns, affecting crop yields and food security. Coastal areas could experience heightened hurricane activity, posing risks to infrastructure and human safety. Vulnerable populations, particularly in developing countries, may be disproportionately affected by these changes, emphasizing the need for proactive measures to mitigate impacts.