The health impacts of extreme heat are both direct and indirect. Heat stress can lead to heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and acute kidney injuries, while also worsening chronic conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Vulnerable groups, including the elderly, children, and those in low-quality housing, face heightened risks. Outdoor workers and athletes are also at risk of exertional heat stress. Heatwaves can disrupt healthcare services, reduce labor productivity, and lead to hazardous air pollution events. The cumulative stress of high day and nighttime temperatures can result in excess mortality and cascading socioeconomic impacts.