Extreme heat poses severe risks to public health, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, outdoor workers, and those with pre-existing health conditions. Heatwaves can lead to heatstroke, cardiovascular stress, and respiratory issues, with rapid increases in hospitalizations and mortality during extreme events. Urban areas are particularly affected due to the heat island effect, while rural and economically disadvantaged populations face challenges like inadequate housing and limited access to cooling. The cascading effects of heatwaves also disrupt essential services, including healthcare, transport, and power supply.