Regions such as Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh are particularly vulnerable due to their rugged terrain and susceptibility to extreme precipitation events. Climate change is exacerbating these risks by increasing atmospheric moisture-holding capacity, which can intensify short-duration rainfall. Monitoring gaps in remote areas, where rain-gauge coverage is inadequate, further compound the challenges. These vulnerabilities heighten the risk of cloudbursts, flash floods, and other severe weather events, potentially impacting lives, infrastructure, and agriculture.