The increasing frequency and intensity of heatwaves in India disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, including those in the informal sector such as farmers, construction workers, and street vendors. These groups often lack access to basic cooling measures like air conditioning or even proper shelter. Health risks associated with extreme heat include heatstroke, cardiovascular and kidney illnesses, and complications during pregnancy. Food and water security are also under threat. Despite government efforts, such as heat action plans and medical training, the scale of the challenge remains immense, with significant underreporting of heat-related deaths in official statistics.