Philadelphia summers have a long-standing reputation for intense heat and humidity, a fact noted throughout history, including by figures like John Adams during the American Revolution. The city's humid subtropical climate contributes to hot, sticky summers, with temperatures often exceeding 90°F (32°C). Historically, residents coped with the heat by seeking shade, using fans, and designing buildings for natural ventilation. Today, air conditioning is widespread but raises concerns about energy consumption and environmental impact. Public cooling centers provide relief for vulnerable populations during heat waves.