PM10, or particulate matter with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less, poses a significant health risk when inhaled. These particles can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing respiratory irritation, exacerbating asthma, and contributing to more severe cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. The EPA emphasizes that everyone, especially children, older adults, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory ailments, should limit their time outdoors until the air quality returns to acceptable levels.