Recent research indicates a significant increase in climate variability in the Southern Hemisphere, primarily driven by the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Studies from Duke Kunshan University and Peking University highlight that since the 1980s, SAM has exhibited more intense phases, leading to extreme weather conditions such as heavy rainfall, high wind speeds, and fluctuating temperatures. This amplified variability is attributed to a strengthening meridional temperature gradient, a consequence of ongoing global warming.