The increased sediment transport in Arctic rivers poses risks to coastal ecosystems and stability. Sediment plumes can disrupt marine habitats, while changes in deltas and estuaries may affect biodiversity and fisheries. Human-engineered modifications, such as dams and levees, further fragment river systems, reducing sediment loads and altering downstream geomorphology. In mountain regions, reduced snowpack and groundwater depletion threaten water availability, impacting agriculture, drinking water supplies, and flood risk management. These changes highlight vulnerabilities in water security and ecosystem health, particularly in regions heavily reliant on river systems.