Residents of highly polluted areas, such as Delhi-NCR, face increased risks of cognitive decline and dementia due to prolonged exposure to harmful air pollutants. Vulnerable groups, including the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions, may be particularly affected. The study underscores the long-term health implications of air pollution, which extends beyond respiratory and cardiovascular issues to include potential neurological damage. The findings highlight the urgent need for measures to improve air quality and mitigate the risks associated with chronic exposure to polluted air.