Prolonged exposure to PM2.5 poses significant health risks, including respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and cardiovascular conditions. Vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions are at heightened risk. However, even healthy adults are not immune to the long-term effects. The microscopic size of PM2.5 allows it to penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, triggering systemic inflammation. The health impacts are not always immediately visible, making early detection and preventive healthcare crucial.