The study highlights that heatwaves could become longer and more severe, increasing mortality rates despite reductions in pollution-related deaths. Asia and Africa face significant risks from PM2.5 exposure, while Europe and North America are more affected by heatwaves. Vulnerable populations in regions like India and China remain exposed to pollution levels above WHO thresholds. The findings suggest that cleaner air does not necessarily equate to safer living conditions, as heat-related deaths may outweigh the benefits of reduced pollution.