The overlapping vulnerabilities to floods and droughts pose significant risks to affected communities, including disruptions to agriculture, water supply, and infrastructure. States like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, which rank high on the Multi-Hazard Vulnerability Index, face compounded challenges that could exacerbate socio-economic disparities. The study warns that without integrated approaches to disaster preparedness and climate adaptation, these regions may struggle to mitigate the impacts of these hydrological extremes.