The findings underscore significant health risks for vulnerable populations, including infants and the elderly, who are disproportionately affected by heatwaves and air pollution. The economic cost of heat-related deaths among people aged over 65 averaged $3.8 billion annually between 2021 and 2025. Additionally, the report highlights the severe impact of PM2.5 pollution, which is linked to hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. These challenges are compounded by the increasing carbon intensity of India's energy system, which grew by 9.9% between 2016 and 2023.