Droughts in Karnataka are primarily caused by unpredictable rainfall patterns and prolonged dry spells. Southern Karnataka relies heavily on the kharif crop, while northern Karnataka has both kharif and rabi seasons. Farmers often sow crops after the first monsoon showers, but dry spells lasting 15–30 days can lead to crop failure. Climate change and rising temperatures further exacerbate these challenges, with even a 2°C increase potentially reducing crop yields by up to 30%.