The increasing human vulnerability in the Himalayas poses significant risks to lives, infrastructure, and economies. Settlements and infrastructure in hazard-prone areas are at greater risk from natural events like landslides, floods, and earthquakes. Vulnerable glacial lakes in regions such as Sikkim and Uttarakhand could trigger cascading disasters, affecting downstream communities and infrastructure. Climate change further complicates the situation by altering natural systems, increasing the likelihood of extreme events. Poorly enforced building regulations and unsafe construction practices exacerbate the potential for disasters.